Jain Temple of Lakkundi in Karnatka

Lakkundi in Gadag District of Karnataka is a tiny village on the way to Hampi from Hubli. Lakkundi is a place of antiquarian interest with as many as 50 temples..., 101 stepped wells and 29 inscriptions, spread over the period of the later Chalukyas, Kalachuris, Seuna and the Hoysalas. A great center of Kalyani Chalukyas art, there are several temples of note here.

Brahmajinalaya stands as the testimony of the high rank in the Karnataka temple Archietecture.Brahma Jainalaya was built by queen Danachintamani Attimabbe is the largest of many Jain temples in Lakkundi. This Basadi is dedicated to Adinatha, the most revered saint of Jainism.

This Basadi is perhaps one of the earliest examples of temples in this area built of a kind of fine textured chloritic schist as distinct from the hitherto used sandstone of this region. The new material, because of its less thick quarry sizes and tractability, reacted on the workmanship, with the result that the masonry courses became reduced in size and the carvings more delicate and highly finished. The temple, perhaps built in the latter half of the 11th century, has a five-storeyed vimana, square on plan from the base to the sikhara, and had originally a closed square navaranga in front, though an open mandapawas added in front later on.

Basadi has a well fastened Mukha mantapa. and Open hall proped by central pillars decorated with beautiful carving. The Garbagudi holds the idol of Neminatha Tirthankara. The central bay of the navaranga is a larger square than the peripheral eight around it. The second storey, as in the Jaina temple at Pattadakal, is functional and has an antarala-mantapa in front over the vestibule of the lower storey. This raises the total height of the vimana considerably

Amazing!

BIJOLIA TEMPLE OF RAJASTHAN,

The ancient city of Bijolia and the fort are located on the Bundi Chittaurgarh Road. A high paved courtyard on the side of the town has three large temples of Lord Shiva. A carved archway leads to these temples which has a fine image of the elephant head Ganesha as guardian on the entrance. It is said that there were hundred temples in Bijolia but now only three temples are left, which are fine example of 9th century architecture.

Sdok Kok Thom -Khmer temple in present-day Thailand -SHIVA TEMPLE

Sdok Kok Thom is an 11th-century Khmer temple in present-day Thailand , located about 34 kilometres (21 mi) northeast of the Thai border town of Aranyaprathet(अ...रण्यप्रस्थ) . The temple was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva.
At the center of the temple is a sandstone tower, which served asthe main sanctuary, probably sheltering a linga , symbol of Shiva. The tower's door is on the east, approached by steps; the other three sides have false doors. A few meters to the northeast and southeast are two sandstone structures known as libraries, with large side windows and laterite bases. Enclosing the tower and libraries is a rectangular courtyard measuring roughly 42 by 36 meters and having galleries on all four sides. On the court's eastern side is a gopura , or gate, reflecting the temple's orientation to the east.
In various places in the temple, there is extensive carving on stone, including floral decoration, Nāga serpents and a figure that appears to be the reclining Hindu god Viṣñu .
A moat, likely representing the Hindu Sea of Creation, lies beyond each of the courtyard's four sides.An avenue leads east from the gopura. A laterite wall standing approximately 2.5 meters high and measuring 126 meters from east to west and 120 meters south to north provides additional enclosure to the entire complex. The midpoint of the eastern side of this wall has an elaborate gopura, standing on a laterite base. About 200 meters tothe east of this gopura, along a laterite-paved avenue with free-standing stone posts on either side, is a baray , or holy reservoir, measuring roughly 200 by 370 meters.

MANDORE TEMPLES,JODHPUR--Antique City of Parihar Rajput

ANCIENT RAJASTHAN AND BEAUTIFUL ARCHEOLOGY ,LETS KNOW ABOUT MANDORE TEMPLES,JODHPUR

MANDORE inhabited since the time of RAMAYANA, originally known as Mandavyapur. The king Ravana married to princess Mandodri of Mandavyapur. During Gupta period 6th – 7th century AD, the ancient capital of the PARIHARS was ruled by King Shri Nahar Rao Parihar, which later became the capital of MARWAR. Mandore has an extensive and beautiful garden on the slopes of a hill. Here one may find a cha...rming collection of temples and memorials. The devals (cenotaphs) of Maharaja Shri Jaswant Singh and Maharaja Shri Ajit Singh are housed here. Its hall of heroes depicting popular Hindu and folk deities, dating back to the 17th – 18th century has 16 figures carved out of a single rock, also known as the hall of demigods and demigoddesses. (These are called 330 million Devi and Devtas).
Higher up on the plateau are ruins of Mandore, the antique city of PARIHARS. The Mandore fort was built in stages. A study of the Mandore fort, its thick walls and huge ruins showed that the fort was a fine piece of architecture. Many statues and etchings on stone and rock found at Mandore now adorn Mandore museum. The ruins also indicate the existence of a huge temple inside the fort. The outer wall of the temple depicts finely carved botanical designs, birds, animals and beautifully carved planetary system.

In 1395 AD, Shri Chundaji Rathore married a Parihar princess named Mohil and began ruling Mandore, which became the capital of Marwar

The Great Indian Kingdoms

1. Pallava Dynasty.

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The Pallavas ruled the area of Andhra pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka from 275 BCE to 882 BCE with Kanchipuram as their capital.
They built  architectural temple Mahabalipuram and created the modern form Brahmi script which influenced the genesis of almost all Southeast Asian scripts.
Thailand, Indonasia, Burma and other Southeast Asian Scripts are evolved from Brahmi script which was the Pallavas creation.

2. The Maratha empire.

Sourcehttp://iyadav.com/
The Marathas were a Hindu warrior group who established an empire that existed from 1674 to 1818 in the present day Maharashtra that rose to prominence by establishing ‘Hindavi Swarajya’.They ended  the Mughal rule in India and united India after creating biggest empire like Great Ashoka.Thanjavur was their capital.
Sourcewikipedia
They ruled almost the whole India  except  Andhra and tamil nadu and a part of kerala. They are known to be fierce warriors  who are said to be devoted Hindus and never ate meat.
Some of the famous rulers include Chathrapathi Sivaji, Baji Rao 1 and Rajaram Chhatrapati.

3. Vijayanagara Empire.

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The Vijayanagara Empire lasted for 3 centuries from 1336 to 1660 before losing it to the Deccan sultanates. This period is said to be the golden period for the Telugu and Kannada cultures as they have established many monuments across South India and enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada,Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit. Carnatic music evolved into its current form. They ruled the whole south India with Vijayanagara as their capital city.

Srikrishna Devaraya was the famous king of Vijayanagara empire. He was a devotee of Lord Venkateshwara and the Diamonds and Gold we see on lord Balaji in Tirumala are mostly his donations. It was known that Vijayanagara kingdom was equal to the rule of Lord Sri ram where people where happy and prosperous. He was called as  “Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana” (Lord of the Kannada empire) and  Andhra Bhoja. 

4. Kingdom of Kochin.

Sourcewikipedia
This Kingdom lasted for 7 centuries from early 1200s to 1947 surviving every foreign invasion. They are said to be excellent negotiators and tacticians. They formed relations with all their surrounding kingdoms and played their cards wisely. Their capital changed over time but they mainly ruled in the areas surrounding Kochin.

5. Kakatiya Dynasty.

Sourceexploretelangana.com
The Kakatiyas ruled from 1083 to 1323 with orugallu (Warangal) as their capital extending to the whole of Andhra along with a part of Telangana, Karnataka and Tamilnadu. The kakatiya kings are said to be given low importance to Caste system as a social identifier, anyone, regardless of birth, could use the nayaka title to denote warrior status and the inscriptions suggest that people were not bound to an occupation by birth. This helped them flourish in war and arts alike.
The Warangal Fort, Thousand Pillar temple and the famous Kakatiya Toranam are built by kakatiya legacy.
Rani Rudramadevi, the famous queen of the Kakatiya dynasty set path for the Women to lead kingdoms in India as early as 12th century.

6. Gajapathi Kingdom.

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The Gajapatis were a medieval Hindu dynastythat ruled over Kalinga (the present day Odisha), large parts of Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal, and the eastern and central parts of Madhya Pradesh and the southern parts of Bihar from 1434-1541.  They were claimed to be descended from the Surya Vamsha (Sun Dyanasy) of the Mahabharata
“Gaja” in Oriya means elephant and “Pati” means master. As such, Gajapati etymologically means a king with an army of elephants. The literature  Oriya flourished during this period .
They ruled from Mukhalingam of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh and later moved their Capital to Cuttack. Religious leader Ramanujacharya had a great influence on the Raja Choda Ganga Deva, who renovated the Puri Jagannath Temple and another king from the dynasty, Narasimha Deva built the Sun Temple at Konark which are both Archaeological wonders.

7. The Pandyas.

The Pandyan  dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty, one of the three Tamil dynasties, the other two being the Chola and the Chera.
They were descendents of ancient Mahabharata  Pandya King and they have survived till the early British conquest.
They controlled the pearl fisheries along the South Indian coast, between Sri Lanka and India, which produced some of the finest pearls in the known ancient world.

8. The Chola Dynasty.

The Chola dynasty  was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India spanning between 300s BCE–1279 CE.
Together with the Chera and Pandya dynasties, the Cholas formed the three main Tamil dynasties of Iron Age India, who were collectively known as the Three Crowned Kings.
They mainly ruled the area between the Kaveri and Tungabhadra rivers. Their rule extended out of india when they successfully invaded cities of Srivijaya in Malaysia, Indonesia and Southern Thailand.

9. Satavahana Kingdom. 

The Satavahana Empire also known as Andhra kingdom was an Indian dynasty based from Amaravati in Andhra Pradesh which is now back as Capital of Andhra Pradesh State. This dynasty extended to Junnar and Prathisthan in Maharashtra during the later years.
The territory of the empire covered much of India from 230 BCE onward. History suggests that it lasted about 450 years from 230 BCE to 22- CE.
The Satavahanas are credited for establishing peace in the country, resisting the onslaught of foreigners after the decline of Mauryan Empire.

10.  Hoysala Empire.

The Hoysala empire was a prominent Southern Indian Kannadiga empire that ruled most of the modern-day state of Karnataka between the 10th and the 14th centuries.
The empire is remembered for architectural temples like Chennakesava Temple at Belur, the Hoysaleswara Temple at Halebidu, and the Kesava Temple at Somanathapura.

11. Magadha Kingdom.

Magadha was a kingdom which existed right from by Vedic period was founded by King Jarasandha . It was reborn from the Gupta Kingdom. Rajgir of Bihar was the capital.
As you know, King Jarasandha was killed by Bheema in a wrestling duel and Pataliputra (Patna) was choosen as the new capital of this kingdom during the start of Kali Yuga. This kingdom later gave  Mauryan Empire that spanned almost whole of India with ASHOKA,the great,

12. The Chalukyas.

The Chalukya dynasty  was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.
They had their capital in 3 cities namely Badami and Kalyani of Karnataka and Vengi on the river of Godavari. This marks the first time a Southern India based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers.
The Kannada and Telugu literature flourished during their reign.

13. The Mauryas.

The Maurya dynasty was the superpower of the Iron Age India which existed between 320 BC to 185 BC. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in pataliputra and later extended to Afghanistan.
During the rule of Ashoka, the Great the kingdom managed  to conquer the whole Indian sub continent and rule it as one dynasty. They were credited as the only people who could defeat King Alexander the Great. The Jain and Buddhist cultures flourished during this Kingdom.

14. The Rajputs.

Sourcearoundtheglobe.com
The Rajputs are a ancient dynasty that ruled a vast area of the subcontinent whic includes western, central, northern India and current eastern Pakistan.
They seem to have risen to prominence from the late 6th century CE and governed the the country with Rajastan as their base.
They are credited as one of the very few dynasties who were unmoved from their capital by the Muslim sultanate.

15. The Nanda Dynasty.

The Nanda dynasty originated from the region of Magadha in ancient India during the 4th century BC and lasted between 345–321 BCE. At its greatest extent, the empire ruled by the Nanda Dynasty extended from Bengal in the east, to Punjab in the west and as far south as the Vindhya mountains.
The rulers of this dynasty were famed for the great wealth which they accumulated. The Nanda Empire was later conquered by Chandragupta Maurya, who founded the Maurya Empire.
The Nandas are described as the first empire builders in the recorded history of India. They inherited the large kingdom of Magadha and expanded it to yet more distant frontiers. To achieve this objective they built a vast army, consisting of 200,000 infantry, 20,000 cavalry, 2,000 war chariots and 3,000 war elephants.

16. The Guptas.

The Gupta Empire which existed at its zenith from approximately 320 to 550 CE and covered much of the Indian Subcontinent. This period is called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive inventions and discoveries in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of  Hindu culture.
Chandra Gupta I, Samudra Gupta, and Chandra Gupta II were the most notable rulers of the Gupta dynasty. The Gupta period produced scholars such as Kalidasa, Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Vishnu Sharma and Vatsyayana who made great advancements in many academic fields.
Vatsayana of this kingdom wrote the world famous “Kama Sutra“. One of the greatest inventions ever ” 0 “ was invented by Aryabhata in their period as Shoonya.

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